• as Waitress • as Compere • Anna Palmer as Customer • as Pub Manager Episode chronology ← Previous ' Next → ' ' Backwards' is the first episode of Series III, and the thirteenth in the series run. It premiered on the British television channel on 14 November 1989. Written by and, and directed by, the episode has the crew travel to an where time runs backwards. The episode marks the first regular appearances of 's Kryten, 's version of Holly, the new spaceship, better production values, and a change in direction of story themes that would cement the show's cult status. The story was later reformulated as a novel by the. The episode was re-mastered, along with the rest of the first three series, in 1998. Locations in and around were used for the episode.

This picture depicts the road sign to 'Nodnol 871 Selim' which in reverse reads 'London 178 Miles'. With Rob Grant and Doug Naylor directly involved with the third series, under their Grant Naylor Productions team, they radically changed the look of the show. The opening credits sequence sported a new rock guitar version of the Red Dwarf theme tune playing over clips from the series. The opening sequence ends with the first appearance of the official logo of the show which was designed by DeWinters.

Mel Bibby had also come on board the crew and re-designed the sets. His influence of 's film clearly shown in the new sets as murky and run-down feel. Costumes were overhauled as well as Costume designer Howard Burden brought in a new stylish look to the crew.

The Understanding by Design® framework (UbD™ framework) offers a plan- ning process and structure to guide curriculum, assessment, and instruction. Its two key ideas are contained in the title: 1) focus on teaching and assessing for understanding and learning transfer, and 2) design curriculum “backward” from.

Lister's jacket outfit, having been designed with his art school background in mind, included a voluptuous woman riding a rocket on the back. This woman had indeed been intended to be but was changed to a generic looking female once the legality of using image arose. Rimmer's tunic uniform served as implying his devotion to duty as well as his hologrammatic status. While the Cat's wardrobe reached new heights in the fashion stakes, Kryten's appearance was based on the Series II look but produced more successfully. Effects also featured more heavily in the new series. The barroom brawl with plenty of fake glass featured a stunt double hurling through a window on the set.

Bluescreen backgrounds were used for the actors to film against which was then merged with the cloaked Starbug location footage. Close-up shots were merely filmed on top of a raised platform with only the sky visible in the background. Starbug was introduced as the new spaceship in place of.

Grant and Naylor felt that Blue Midget didn't work well set-wise because of size constraints so they requested that Peter Wragg, and his visual effects team, come up with a design for another ship. The final design, initially called White Midget, was shown to Grant and Naylor and they liked it, but they thought it looked more like a bug so settled on the name Starbug. The Series III pre-credits scroll detailing the back story was actually intended to be an episode in its own right. Titled 'Dad', the episode would have tied the loose ends from series two's ' where Lister would have given birth to the twins and given them back to the parallel universe Lister version.

Grant and Naylor had partially written the script but they decided to scrap the idea as they felt it to be unfunny and potentially offensive to women. Amerie Because I Love It Vol 1 Zippered. Many of the location scenes for 'Backwards' were filmed in and around. The lake and woodland scenes were filmed in. Series creator and writer Rob Grant can be seen standing on the street with sunglasses smoking a cigarette backwards. The episode's theme gave the writers an opportunity to insert some in-joke dialogue that otherwise wouldn't have been put in. In one scene the bar manager comes into Rimmer and Kryten's dressing room to tell them that they're sacked for un-starting a barroom brawl. In fact he says: 'I'm addressing the one prat in the country who has bothered to get a hold of this recording, turn it round and actually work out the rubbish that I'm saying.

What a poor sad life he's got!' At the very end (beginning?) of the reverse barroom brawl, an 'Action!' , said by can be heard.

The character of Kryten was originally intended as a one-off appearance in the series-two episode '. The character returned mainly to broaden the story potential as Lister was the only person who could really do anything. Rimmer, a hologram, couldn't touch anything, the Cat couldn't be bothered to touch anything, and Holly was incompetent. The show was becoming difficult to write for.

At the insistence of Naylor, Kryten returned to complete the team. Grant and Naylor had approached with the intention of bringing him back to play the regular role of Kryten. Ross was in a stage play Flea In Her Ear and wasn't available, so they went to see at the advice of Paul Jackson. Llewellyn was in a stage show called Mammon, playing a robot. They saw his performance and were impressed. The very first scene that Llewellyn filmed was in the episode ' which involved him lighting candles with his fingers.

He was wired up for the flame to ignite from his fingertip. The problem was that it was wet on the set and he was sweating so the wiring was backfiring and shocking him. The scene was cut out from the show. 'Backwards' world guest stars includes as the Waitress, as a Compere, Anna Palmer as a Customer in Cafe and as the Pub Manager.

Cultural references [ ] A style scroll is used to explain all the occurrences that had happened between Series II and III. This was the first Red Dwarf episode to parody the —it was also done at the end of ' in the fourth series of the show, and at the beginning of the first Red Dwarf USA pilot. In the opening scene between Lister and the Cat, they discuss whether ' is sexy or not. They come to the conclusion that they are insane for discussing such things, since she would never leave. Kryten's spaceship examination, which includes registration reading, 'if you'd like show me to your vehicle', 'in your own time', direction instructions, recognition test and stopping distances all mirrors the same examination that UK citizens take with examinations. Both and are referenced by Rimmer when trying to ascertain the time period. The theory, as well as expansion and contraction, is explained by Holly as the reason why this universe is running backwards.

To look inconspicuous Kryten walks into the cafe wearing a rubber mask. The newspaper that Kryten has is titled Yadretsey, or Yesterday forwards — a parody of the newspaper that was published at time of production. Kryten reads a headline from the paper, about a bank robbery committed by a man named 'Michael Ellis' - a recurring character in the series. Lister sings the line, 'I didn't come here looking for trouble, I just came here to do the Red Dwarf Shuffle', an obvious homage to the 1985 song.

Kryten and Rimmer think that the backwards world is wonderful, pointing out that when comes around again, millions of people will come back to life, and will retreat across Europe, liberating France and Poland. Lister though looks at the other side of the argument and states that in this universe is the petty-minded little sadist who goes around maiming small animals and that is a big guy who sneaks down chimneys and steals all the kids' favourite toys. Windows Xp Pro Sp3 Activated Sata Drivers Integrated.

The pre-title sequence [ ]. The type scroll used to update viewers on recent events from the previous series The -style scrolling text is used to explain all the occurrences that had happened in the meantime between the last episode of Series II - - and this, the start of series III. The text gives a brief explanation to resolve the issue of Lister's pregnancy, the reason why Holly now looked like Hilly, and why Kryten had come back aboard the Red Dwarf and why he also had changed. The Star Wars style scrolling was intentionally sped up faster than viewers could actually read for the purposes of comedy. Here is the text: RED DWARF III THE SAGA CONTINUUMS THE STORY SO FAR.

Three million years in the future, Dave Lister, the last human being alive discovers he is pregnant after a liaison with his female self in a parallel universe. His pregnancy concludes with the successful delivery of twin boys, Jim and Bexley. However, because the twins were conceived in another universe, with different physical laws, they suffer from highly accelerated growth rates, and are both eighteen years old within three days of being born. In order to save their lives, Lister returns them to the universe of their origin, where they are reunited with their father (a woman), and are able to lead comparatively normal lives. Well, as normal as you can be if you've been born in a parallel universe and your father's a woman and your mother's a man and you're eighteen years three days after your birth.

Shortly afterwards, Kryten, the service mechanoid who had left the ship after being rescued from his own crashed vessel, the Nova 5, is found in pieces after his space bike crash lands onto an asteroid. Lister rebuilds the 'noid, but is unable to recapture his former personality. Meanwhile, Holly, the increasingly erratic Red Dwarf computer, performs a head sex change operation on himself. He bases his new face on Hilly, a female computer with whom he'd once fallen madly in love.

And now the saga continuums AND NOW THE SAGA CONTINUUMS. RED DWARF III THE SAME GENERATION -NEARLY- Reception [ ] The episode was originally broadcast on the British television channel BBC2 on 14 November 1989 in the 9:00pm evening time slot. As with all episodes in the third series, 'Backwards' gained healthy viewing figures, increasing on Series II efforts. Although Series III was received well as a whole, 'Backwards' was picked out as a highlight. One review described it as 'a particularly inspired episode, making brilliant use of video tricks to enhance the intricate details of the storyline.' Sci-Fi Dimensions described it as the best episode of the series, and said that 'admittedly, this episode is inconsistent in its treatment of the backwards principles, but even the inconsistencies are part of the fun!'

Sci-Fi.com agreed that the episode was 'the season's best' and 'has the season's best philosophical rant'. The Red Dwarf Smegazine readers poll listed the episode at number four with 7.1% of the votes. Remastering [ ].

See also: The remastering of Series I to III was carried out during the late 1990s. Changes included replacement of the opening credits, giving the picture a colour grade and, of Red Dwarf and many more visual and audio enhancements. Changes made specific to 'Backwards' include an animated shot of the ejected Rimmer has been added to the opening scene with Starbug with scream and thump sounds enhanced. Starbug's sounds have been remixed and enhanced throughout. A new time-hole tunnel sequence has been added when Starbug travels through it. POV landscape shots have been added as Starbug enters the backwards Earth.

Fire elements and sound effects have been added to the Starbug crash. The cafe exterior has been added as a transitional shot. The cloaking Starbug has been added to the existing empty shot of Lister and Cat arriving on 'backwards' Earth. The end credit sequence has been flipped and reads in reverse. See also [ ] •, the fourth Red Dwarf novel which uses the Backwards theme for most of the plot.

• • Notes [ ]. Retrieved 2008-01-25. From the original on 18 February 2008. Retrieved 2008-01-25. Retrieved 2007-12-11. • ^ Howarth & Lyons (1993) • ^ Howarth & Lyons (1993) p.

Archived from on 27 August 2001. Retrieved 2008-01-07. From the original on 11 March 2002.

Retrieved 2008-01-07. Archived from on 6 October 2006. Retrieved 2008-01-07. Archived from on 6 October 2006. Retrieved 2008-01-07.

Archived from on 6 October 2006. Retrieved 2008-01-07. • Interview: Peter Wragg, Red Dwarf Smegazine, issue 8, October 1992, Fleetway Editions Ltd, • ^ Interview: Grant Naylor, Red Dwarf Smegazine, issue 6, August 1992, Fleetway Editions Ltd, •. Retrieved 2008-01-25. Retrieved 2008-01-08. •:Backwards • According to the Red Dwarf III DVD release, it went unnoticed that this line was repeated twice until it was too late. Archived from on 6 October 2006.

Retrieved 2008-01-07. • Berman, Garry (2011). Best of the Britcoms: From Fawlty Towers to The Office. Taylor Trade. Archived from on 7 January 2007. Retrieved 2008-01-25. Archived from on 4 January 2008.

Retrieved 2008-01-25. • Reader Survey Results, Red Dwarf Smegazine, p.

27., issue 10, December 1992, Fleetway Editions Ltd, •. From the original on 4 January 2008.

Retrieved 2008-01-28. From the original on 18 January 2008.

Retrieved 2008-01-30. • Remastering Crew (2007). The End Re-Mastered DVD Commentary (DVD). Bodysnatcher DVD Boxset Red disc: BBC.

• ^ Remastering Crew (2007). 'Re-Dwarf' Documentary (DVD). Bodysnatcher DVD Boxset Red disc: BBC. • Remastering Crew (2007). Backwards text commentary (DVD). Bodysnatcher DVD Boxset, Green disc: BBC. Archived from on 4 January 2008.

Retrieved 2008-01-25. References [ ] • Howarth, Chris; Steve Lyons (1993). Red Dwarf Programme Guide. Virgin Books.. External links [ ] Wikiquote has quotations related to: • at • on • at •.