2 Options to Burn a Windows Password Reset Disk Windows Password Recovery Tool offers you 2 options to create a Windows password reset disk (CD/DVD or a USB flash drive), making sure that you can boot up any desktop or laptop when you cannot enter Windows. • Quick Recovery: Make a Windows password reset disk with the default ISO image file provided by Windows Password Reset Tool, which saves your time. • Advanced Recovery Wizard: Burn a bootable drive with a customized ISO image. It will with easy wizards, which is more convenient and precisely: select target Windows version, choose media to download drive and burn disk – very quick to finish. Compatible with Most Windows System & All PC Brands • Completely support Windows 10, Windows 8.1, Windows 8, Windows 7 (32/64 bit), Windows Vista (32/64 bit), Windows XP, 2000, NT, etc. • Perfectly support Windows Server 2012 (R2)/2008 (R2)/2003 (R2) • Support various brands of desktops, laptops, tablet PCs and server, including Dell, HP, IBM, Sony, Lenovo, ASUS, etc. • Support almost all file systems like FAT16, FAT32, NTFS, NTFS5, etc.

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Nov 04, 2017 I have installed 64 bit Windows 7. I went to the MSDN subscription downloads and grabbed a copy of Virtual PC 2007 (64 bit) and installed it. Then I tried.

See for a tabular view of releases and editions. Microsoft Windows was announced by on November 10, 1983. Introduced Windows as a for, which had been introduced a couple of years earlier. In the 1990s, the product line evolved from an into a fully complete, modern over two lines of development, each with their own separate codebase. The first versions of Windows (1.0 through to 3.11) were programs run from MS-DOS which then took over the screen and launched an application called; later on,, though still being based on MS-DOS, was its own operating system, using a DOS-based kernel and a. Windows 95 introduced many features that have been part of the product ever since, including the, the, and (renamed File Explorer in Windows 8).

In 1997, Microsoft released which included the (at the time) controversial. It aimed to integrate Internet Explorer and the into the user interface and also brought many new features into Windows, such as the ability to display images as the desktop wallpaper and single window navigation in Windows Explorer.

In 1998, Microsoft released Windows 98, which also included the Windows Desktop Update and Internet Explorer 4 by default. The inclusion of Internet Explorer 4 and the Desktop Update led to an. Windows 98 also includes, which allows devices to work when plugged in without requiring a system reboot or manual configuration, and USB support out of the box., the last DOS-based version of Windows, was aimed at consumers and released in 2000. It introduced,, updated versions of the and other system tools.

In 1993, Microsoft released, the first version of the newly-developed operating system. Unlike the series of operating systems, it is a fully 32-bit operating system. Windows Xp Media Center Edition 2005 Download Deutsch.

NT 3.1 introduced, a file system designed to replace the older (FAT) which was used by DOS and the DOS-based Windows operating systems. In 1996, Windows NT 4.0 was released, which includes a fully 32-bit version of Windows Explorer written specifically for it, making the operating system work just like Windows 95. Windows NT was originally designed to be used on high-end systems and servers, however with the release of, many consumer-oriented features from Windows 95 and Windows 98 were included, such as the,, USB support and. These consumer-oriented features were continued and further extended in, which introduced a new theme called, a more user-friendly interface, updated versions of Windows Media Player and, and extended features from Windows Me, such as the Help and Support Center and System Restore. Focused on securing the Windows operating system against and other by introducing features such as. New features include, updated versions of the standard games (e.g.

), Windows Movie Maker, and Windows Mail to replace. Despite this, Windows Vista was critically panned for its poor performance on older hardware and its at-the-time high system requirements. Followed two and a half years later, and despite technically having higher system requirements, reviewers noted that it ran better than Windows Vista. Windows 7 also removed many extra features, such as, and, instead requiring users download a separate to gain those features and other online services. And, a free upgrade for Windows 8, introduced many controversial changes, such as the replacement of the Start menu with the Start Screen, the removal of the Aero glass interface in favor of a flat, colored interface as well as the introduction of 'Metro' apps (later renamed ) and the Charms Bar user interface element, all of which received considerable criticism from reviewers. The current version of Windows,, reintroduced the Start menu and added the ability to run in a window instead of always in full screen. Windows 10 was well-received, with many reviewers stating that Windows 10 is what Windows 8 should have been.

Windows 10 also marks the last version of Windows to be traditionally released. Instead, 'feature updates' are released twice a year with names such as 'Anniversary Update' and 'Fall Creators Update' that introduce new capabilities. Main article: The first independent version of Microsoft Windows, version 1.0, released on November 20, 1985, achieved little popularity. The project was briefly codenamed 'Interface Manager' before the windowing system was developed - contrary to popular belief that it was the original name for Windows and, the head of marketing at Microsoft, convinced the company that the name Windows would be more appealing to customers. Windows 1.0 was not a complete operating system, but rather an 'operating environment' that extended, and shared the latter's inherent flaws and problems. The first version of Microsoft Windows included a simple graphics painting program called;, a simple; an appointment calendar; a card-filer; a; a clock; a; a;; and driver.

It also included the and a game called. Microsoft had worked with to develop applications for Apple's new computer, which featured a. As part of the related business negotiations, Microsoft had licensed certain aspects of the Macintosh user interface from Apple; in later litigation, a district court summarized these aspects as 'screen displays'.

In the development of Windows 1.0, Microsoft intentionally limited its borrowing of certain GUI elements from the Macintosh user interface, to comply with its license. For example, windows were only displayed 'tiled' on the screen; that is, they could not overlap or overlie one another. Windows 2.x [ ].

Main articles: and Microsoft Windows version 2 came out on December 9, 1987, and proved slightly more popular than its predecessor. Much of the popularity for came by way of its inclusion as a 'run-time version' with Microsoft's new graphical applications, and. They could be run from MS-DOS, executing Windows for the duration of their activity, and closing down Windows upon exit. Microsoft Windows received a major boost around this time when appeared in a Windows version, having previously run only on.

Some computer historians [ ] date this, the first appearance of a significant and non-Microsoft application for Windows, as the start of the success of Windows. Versions 2.0x used the model, which confined it to a maximum of 1 of memory. In such a configuration, it could run under another multitasker like, which used the. Later, two new versions were released: 2.1 and 2.1.

Like prior versions of Windows, Windows/286 2.1 used the real-mode memory model, but was the first version to support the. Windows/386 2.1 had a protected mode kernel with. All Windows and DOS-based applications at the time were real mode, running over the protected mode kernel by using the, which was new with the 80386 processor.

Version 2.03, and later 3.0, faced challenges from Apple over its overlapping windows and other features Apple charged mimicked the ostensibly copyrighted 'look and feel' of its operating system and 'embodie[d] and generated a copy of the Macintosh' in its OS. Judge William Schwarzer dropped all but 10 of Apple's 189 claims of copyright infringement, and ruled that most of the remaining 10 were over uncopyrightable ideas.

Windows 3.0 [ ]. Main article:, released in May 1990, improved capabilities given to native applications. It also allowed users to better older MS-DOS based software compared to Windows/386, thanks to the introduction of.

Windows 3.0's user interface finally resembled a serious competitor to the user interface of the computer. PCs had improved graphics by this time, due to video cards, and the protected/enhanced mode allowed Windows applications to use more memory in a more painless manner than their DOS counterparts could. Windows 3.0 could run in real, standard, or 386 enhanced modes, and was compatible with any Intel processor from the / up to the and. This was the first version to run Windows programs in protected mode, although the 386 enhanced mode was an enhanced version of the protected mode kernel in Windows/386. Windows 3.0 received two updates. A few months after introduction, Windows 3.0a was released as a maintenance release, resolving bugs and improving stability.

A 'multimedia' version, Windows 3.0 with Multimedia Extensions 1.0, was released in October 1991. This was bundled with 'multimedia upgrade kits', comprising a and a, such as the. This version was the precursor to the multimedia features available in (first released in April 1992) and later, and was part of Microsoft's specification for the. The features listed above and growing market support from application software developers made Windows 3.0 wildly successful, selling around 10 million copies in the two years before the release of version 3.1. Windows 3.0 became a major source of income for Microsoft, and led the company to revise some of its earlier plans. Support was discontinued on December 31, 2001. Main article: During the mid to late 1980s, Microsoft and had cooperatively been developing as a successor to DOS.

OS/2 would take full advantage of the aforementioned protected mode of the processor and up to 16 MB of memory. OS/2 1.0, released in 1987, supported swapping and multitasking and allowed running of executables.

IBM licensed Windows's for OS/2 as, and the two companies stated that it and Windows 2.0 would be almost identical. Presentation Manager was not available with OS/2 until version 1.1, released in 1988.

Its was incompatible with Windows. Version 1.2, released in 1989, introduced a new,, to replace the file system. By the early 1990s, conflicts developed in the Microsoft/IBM relationship. They cooperated with each other in developing their PC operating systems, and had access to each other's code. Microsoft wanted to further develop Windows, while IBM desired for future work to be based on OS/2. In an attempt to resolve this tension, IBM and Microsoft agreed that IBM would develop OS/2 2.0, to replace OS/2 1.3 and Windows 3.0, while Microsoft would develop a new operating system, OS/2 3.0, to later succeed OS/2 2.0.

This agreement soon fell apart however, and the Microsoft/IBM relationship was terminated. IBM continued to develop OS/2, while Microsoft changed the name of its (as yet unreleased) OS/2 3.0 to. Both retained the rights to use OS/2 and Windows technology developed up to the termination of the agreement; Windows NT, however, was to be written anew, mostly independently (see below). After an interim 1.3 version to fix up many remaining problems with the 1.x series, IBM released OS/2 version 2.0 in 1992.

This was a major improvement: it featured a new, object-oriented GUI, the Workplace Shell (WPS), that included a desktop and was considered by many to be OS/2's best feature. Microsoft would later imitate much of it in Windows 95.

Version 2.0 also provided a full 32-bit API, offered smooth multitasking and could take advantage of the 4 gigabytes of address space provided by the. Still, much of the system had 16-bit code internally which required, among other things, device drivers to be 16-bit code also.

This was one of the reasons for the chronic shortage of OS/2 drivers for the latest devices. Version 2.0 could also run DOS and Windows 3.0 programs, since IBM had retained the right to use the DOS and Windows code as a result of the breakup.

Windows 3.1x [ ]. Main article: In response to the impending release of OS/2 2.0, Microsoft developed (first released in April 1992), which included several improvements to Windows 3.0, such as display of scalable fonts (developed jointly with Apple), improved disk performance in 386 Enhanced Mode, multimedia support, and bugfixes. It also removed Real Mode, and only ran on an or better processor. Later Microsoft also released Windows 3.11, a touch-up to Windows 3.1 which included all of the patches and updates that followed the release of Windows 3.1 in 1992. In 1992 and 1993, Microsoft released Windows for Workgroups (WfW), which was available both as an add-on for existing Windows 3.1 installations and in a version that included the base Windows environment and the networking extensions all in one package. Windows for Workgroups included improved network drivers and protocol stacks, and support for peer-to-peer networking.

There were two versions of Windows for Workgroups, WfW 3.1 and WfW 3.11. Unlike prior versions, Windows for Workgroups 3.11 ran in 386 Enhanced Mode only, and needed at least an processor. One optional download for WfW was the 'Wolverine' TCP/IP protocol stack, which allowed for easy access to the Internet through corporate networks. All these versions continued version 3.0's impressive sales pace.

Even though the 3.1x series still lacked most of the important features of OS/2, such as long file names, a desktop, or protection of the system against misbehaving applications, Microsoft quickly took over the OS and GUI markets for the. The became the de facto standard for consumer software. Windows NT 3.x [ ]. Main articles:,,, and Meanwhile, Microsoft continued to develop Windows NT. The main architect of the system was, one of the chief architects of at (later acquired by, now part of ). Microsoft hired him in October 1988 to create a successor to OS/2, but Cutler created a completely new system instead.

Cutler had been developing a follow-on to at called Mica, and when DEC dropped the project he brought the expertise and around 20 engineers with him to Microsoft. DEC also believed he brought Mica's code to Microsoft and sued. Microsoft eventually paid US$150 million and agreed to support DEC's CPU chip in NT. Windows NT Workstation (Microsoft marketing wanted Windows NT to appear to be a continuation of Windows 3.1) arrived in Beta form to developers at the July 1992 in. Microsoft announced at the conference its intentions to develop a successor to both Windows NT and Windows 3.1's replacement (, codenamed Chicago), which would unify the two into one operating system. This successor was codenamed.

In hindsight, Cairo was a much more difficult project than Microsoft had anticipated and, as a result, NT and Chicago would not be unified until —albeit, oriented to business, had already unified most of the system’s bolts and gears, it was XP that was sold to home consumers like Windows 95 and came to be viewed as the final unified OS. Parts of Cairo have still not made it into Windows as of 2017 - most notably, the file system, which was the much touted Object File System of Cairo.

Microsoft announced that they have discontinued the separate release of WinFS for Windows XP and Windows Vista and will gradually incorporate the technologies developed for WinFS in other products and technologies, notably. Driver support was lacking due to the increased programming difficulty in dealing with NT's superior hardware abstraction model. This problem plagued the NT line all the way through Windows 2000. Programmers complained that it was too hard to write drivers for NT, and hardware developers were not going to go through the trouble of developing drivers for a small segment of the market. Additionally, although allowing for good performance and fuller exploitation of system resources, it was also resource-intensive on limited hardware, and thus was only suitable for larger, more expensive machines.

However, these same features made Windows NT perfect for the server market (which in 1993 was experiencing a rapid boom, as office networking was becoming common). NT also had advanced network connectivity options and, an efficient file system.

Windows NT version 3.51 was Microsoft's entry into this field, and took away market share from Novell (the dominant player) in the following years. One of Microsoft's biggest advances initially developed for Windows NT was a new 32-bit API, to replace the legacy 16-bit. This API was called, and from then on Microsoft referred to the older 16-bit API as. The Win32 API had three levels implementations: the complete one for Windows NT, a subset for Chicago (originally called ) missing features primarily of interest to enterprise customers (at the time) such as security and support, and a more limited subset called which could be used on Windows 3.1 systems. Thus Microsoft sought to ensure some degree of compatibility between the Chicago design and Windows NT, even though the two systems had radically different internal architectures. Windows NT was the first Windows operating system based on a hybrid kernel.

As released, Windows NT 3.x went through three versions (3.1, 3.5, and 3.51); changes were primarily internal and reflected back end changes. The 3.5 release added support for new types of hardware and improved performance and data reliability; the 3.51 release was primarily to update the Win32 APIs to be compatible with software being written for the Win32c APIs in what became Windows 95. Windows 95 [ ]. Main article: After, Microsoft began to develop a new consumer oriented version of the operating system codenamed Chicago. Chicago was designed to have support for 32-bit preemptive multitasking like OS/2 and Windows NT, although a 16-bit kernel would remain for the sake of backward compatibility.

The Win32 first introduced with Windows NT was adopted as the standard 32-bit programming interface, with Win16 compatibility being preserved through a technique known as '. A new GUI was not originally planned as part of the release, although elements of the Cairo user interface were borrowed and added as other aspects of the release (notably Plug and Play) slipped.

Microsoft did not change all of the Windows code to 32-bit; parts of it remained 16-bit (albeit not directly using ) for reasons of compatibility, performance, and development time. Additionally it was necessary to carry over design decisions from earlier versions of Windows for reasons of backwards compatibility, even if these design decisions no longer matched a more modern computing environment. These factors eventually began to impact the operating system's efficiency and stability. Microsoft marketing adopted as the product name for Chicago when it was released on August 24, 1995. Microsoft had a double gain from its release: first, it made it impossible for consumers to run Windows 95 on a cheaper, non-Microsoft DOS; secondly, although traces of DOS were never completely removed from the system and MS DOS 7 would be loaded briefly as a part of the process, Windows 95 applications ran solely in 386 enhanced mode, with a flat 32-bit address space and.

These features make it possible for Win32 applications to address up to 2 of virtual RAM (with another 2 GB reserved for the operating system), and in theory prevented them from inadvertently corrupting the memory space of other Win32 applications. In this respect the functionality of Windows 95 moved closer to, although Windows 95/98/ME did not support more than 512 of physical RAM without obscure system tweaks.

Continued to market OS/2, producing later versions in OS/2 3.0 and 4.0 (also called Warp). Responding to complaints about OS/2 2.0's high demands on computer hardware, version 3.0 was significantly optimized both for speed and size.

Before Windows 95 was released, OS/2 Warp 3.0 was even shipped preinstalled with several large German hardware vendor chains. However, with the release of Windows 95, OS/2 began to lose market share. It is probably impossible to choose one specific reason why OS/2 failed to gain much market share. While OS/2 continued to run Windows 3.1 applications, it lacked support for anything but the subset of Win32 API (see above). Unlike with Windows 3.1, IBM did not have access to the source code for Windows 95 and was unwilling to commit the time and resources to emulate the moving target of the Win32 API. IBM later introduced OS/2 into the case, blaming unfair marketing tactics on Microsoft's part. Microsoft went on to release five different versions of Windows 95: • Windows 95 - original release • Windows 95 A - included Windows 95 OSR1 into the installation.

• Windows 95 B - (OSR2) included several major enhancements, (IE) 3.0 and full file system support. • Windows 95 B USB - (OSR2.1) included basic support. • Windows 95 C - (OSR2.5) included all the above features, plus IE 4.0.

This was the last 95 version produced. OSR2, OSR2.1, and OSR2.5 were not released to the general public; rather, they were available only to that would preload the OS onto computers.

Some companies sold new hard drives with OSR2 preinstalled (officially justifying this as needed due to the hard drive's capacity). The first add-on pack was sold for Windows 95. Windows NT 4.0 [ ]. Main article: was the successor of (1995) and (1994).

Microsoft released Windows NT 4.0 to manufacturing in July 1996, one year after the release of Windows 95. Major new features included the new Explorer shell from Windows 95, scalability and feature improvements to the core, kernel,, and. Windows NT 4.0 came in four versions: • Windows NT 4.0 Workstation • Windows NT 4.0 Server • Windows NT 4.0 Server, Enterprise Edition (includes support for 8-way and ) • Windows NT 4.0 Terminal Server Windows 98 [ ]. Windows 98 desktop On June 25, 1998, Microsoft released Windows 98 (codenamed Memphis).

It included new hardware drivers and the file system which supports disk partitions that are larger than 2 GB (first introduced in Windows 95 OSR2). Support in Windows 98 is marketed as a vast improvement over Windows 95.

The release continued the controversial inclusion of the browser with the operating system that started with Windows 95 OEM Service Release 1. The action eventually led to the filing of the case, dealing with the question of whether Microsoft was introducing unfair practices into the market in an effort to eliminate competition from other companies such as. In 1999, Microsoft released Windows 98 Second Edition, an interim release. One of the more notable new features was the addition of, a form of, allowing several machines on a LAN (Local Area Network) to share a single. Hardware support through device drivers was increased and this version shipped with Internet Explorer 5.

Many minor problems that existed in the first edition were fixed making it, according to many, the most stable release of the family. Main article: Microsoft released Windows 2000 on February 17, 2000. It has the version number Windows NT 5.0. Windows 2000 has had four official service packs. It was successfully deployed both on the server and the workstation markets.

Amongst Windows 2000's most significant new features was, a near-complete replacement of the NT 4.0 model, which built on industry-standard technologies like,, and to connect machines to one another., previously only available as a separate edition of NT 4, was expanded to all server versions. A number of features from Windows 98 were incorporated also, such as an improved Device Manager,, and a revised that made it possible for the first time for many modern games to work on the NT kernel. Windows 2000 is also the last NT-kernel Windows operating system to lack.

While Windows 2000 upgrades were available for Windows 95 and Windows 98, it was not intended for home users. Windows 2000 was available in four editions: • Windows 2000 Professional • Windows 2000 Server • Windows 2000 Advanced Server • Windows 2000 Datacenter Server Windows ME [ ].

Windows ME Desktop In September 2000, Microsoft released a successor to Windows 98 called Windows ME, short for 'Millennium Edition'. It was the last DOS-based operating system from Microsoft. Windows ME introduced a new multimedia-editing application called, came standard with Internet Explorer 5.5 and, and debuted the first version of – a recovery utility that enables the operating system to revert system files back to a prior date and time. System Restore was a notable feature that would continue to thrive in later versions of Windows, including XP, Vista, and Windows 7. Windows ME was conceived as a quick one-year project that served as a stopgap release between Windows 98 and Windows XP. Many of the new features were available from the as updates for older Windows versions ( System Restore and Windows Movie Maker were exceptions). Windows ME was criticized for stability issues, as well as for lacking DOS support, to the point of being referred to as the 'Mistake Edition' or 'Many Errors.'

Windows ME was the last operating system to be based on the Windows 9x () kernel and. Windows XP and Server 2003 [ ]. Main articles: and On October 25, 2001, Microsoft released Windows XP (codenamed '). The merging of the Windows NT/2000 and Windows 95/98/Me lines was finally achieved with Windows XP. Windows XP uses the Windows NT 5.1, marking the entrance of the Windows NT core to the consumer market, to replace the aging 16/32-bit branch. The initial release met with considerable, particularly in the area of, leading to the release of three major. Windows XP SP1 was released in September 2002, SP2 came out in August 2004 and SP3 came out in April 2008.

Service Pack 2 provided significant improvements and encouraged widespread adoption of XP among both home and business users. Windows XP lasted longer as Microsoft's flagship operating system than any other version of Windows, from October 25, 2001 to January 30, 2007 when it was succeeded by Windows Vista. Windows XP is available in a number of versions: •, for home desktops and - lacked features such as joining Domain, Server and Server. • Windows XP Home Edition N, as above, but without a default installation of, as mandated by a ruling •, for business and power users contained all features in Home Edition. • Windows XP Professional N, as above, but without a default installation of Windows Media Player, as mandated by a European Union ruling • (MCE), released in October 2002 for desktops and notebooks with an emphasis on home entertainment.

Contained all features offered in Windows XP Professional and the Windows Media Center. Subsequent versions are the same but have an updated Windows Media Center. • Windows XP Media Center Edition 2003 • Windows XP Media Center Edition 2004 • Windows XP Media Center Edition 2005, released on October 12, 2004. Included Windows XP Service Pack 2, the Royale Windows Theme and joining a Windows Active Directory Domain is disabled.

The Aquarium, Da Vinci, Nature and Space themes are retained from Windows XP Plus! •, for • Windows XP Tablet PC Edition 2005 •, for embedded systems •, for new computer users in developing countries •, released on April 25, 2005 for home and workstation systems utilizing 64-bit processors based on the instruction set originally developed by AMD as AMD64; Intel calls their version Intel 64.

Internally, XP x64 was a somewhat updated OS based on the Server 2003 code line. •, is a version for Intel's line of processors; maintains 32-bit compatibility solely through a software emulator. It is roughly analogous to Windows XP Professional in features. It was discontinued in September 2005 when the last vendor of Itanium workstations stopped shipping Itanium systems marketed as 'Workstations'. Windows Server 2003 [ ]. Windows Server 2003 Desktop On April 25, 2003 Microsoft launched Windows Server 2003, a notable update to encompassing many new features, a new 'Manage Your ' wizard that simplifies configuring a machine for specific roles, and improved performance.

It has the version number NT 5.2. A few services not essential for server environments are disabled by default for stability reasons, most noticeable are the 'Windows Audio' and 'Themes' services; users have to enable them manually to get sound or the ' look as per Windows XP. The hardware acceleration for display is also turned off by default, users have to turn the acceleration level up themselves if they trust the display card driver. December 2005, Microsoft released Windows Server 2003 R2, which is actually Windows Server 2003 with SP1 ( 1) plus an package. Among the new are a number of management features for branch offices, file serving, printing and company-wide identity integration. Windows Server 2003 is available in six editions: • Web Edition (32-bit) • Enterprise Edition (32 and 64-bit) • Datacenter Edition (32 and 64-bit) • Small Business Server (32-bit) • Storage Server (OEM channel only). Windows Server 2003 R2, an update of Windows Server 2003, was released to manufacturing on December 6, 2005.

It is distributed on two CDs, with one CD being the Windows Server 2003 SP1 CD. The other CD adds many optionally installable features for Windows Server 2003. The R2 update was released for all x86 and x64 versions, except Windows Server 2003 R2 Enterprise Edition, which was not released for Itanium. Windows XP x64 and Server 2003 x64 Editions [ ]. Main article: On April 25, 2005, Microsoft released Windows XP Professional x64 Edition and Windows Server 2003, x64 Editions in Standard, Enterprise and Datacenter SKUs. Windows XP Professional x64 Edition is an edition of for personal computers. It is designed to use the expanded 64-bit memory address space provided by the x86-64 architecture.

Windows XP Professional x64 Edition is based on the codebase; with the server features removed and client features added. Both Windows Server 2003 x64 and Windows XP Professional x64 Edition use identical kernels. Windows XP Professional x64 Edition is not to be confused with, as the latter was designed for processors. During the initial development phases, Windows XP Professional x64 Edition was named Windows XP 64-Bit Edition for 64-Bit Extended Systems. Windows Fundamentals for Legacy PCs [ ]. Main articles:,,,, and was released on November 30, 2006 to business customers - consumer versions followed on January 30, 2007. Windows Vista intended to have enhanced security by introducing a new restricted user mode called, replacing the 'administrator-by-default' philosophy of Windows XP.

Vista was the target of much criticism and negative press, and in general was not well regarded; this was seen as leading to the relatively swift release of Windows 7. One major difference between Vista and earlier versions of Windows, Windows 95 and later, is that the original start button was replaced with the Windows icon in a circle (called the Start Orb). Vista also features new graphics features, the, new applications (such as, Windows DVD Maker and some new games including,, and ),,, and a large number of underlying architectural changes including being shipped with the operating system, which many believed to have taken place in Windows 7's architecture and later. Windows Vista has the version number NT 6.0. Since its release, Windows Vista has had two service packs.

Windows Vista ships in: • Starter (only available in developing countries) • Home Basic • Home Premium • Business • Enterprise (only available to large business and enterprise) • Ultimate (combines both Home Premium and Enterprise) All editions (except Starter edition) are currently available in both 32-bit and 64-bit versions. The biggest advantage of the 64-bit version is breaking the 4 gigabyte memory barrier, which 32-bit computers cannot fully access.

Windows Server 2008 [ ]. Main article: Windows Server 2008, released on February 27, 2008, was originally known as Windows Server Codename 'Longhorn'. Windows Server 2008 builds on the technological and security advances first introduced with Windows Vista, and is significantly more modular than its predecessor, Windows Server 2003. Windows Server 2008 ships in ten editions: • Windows Server 2008 Standard Edition (32-bit and 64-bit) • Windows Server 2008 Enterprise Edition (32-bit and 64-bit) • Windows Server 2008 Datacenter Edition (32-bit and 64-bit) • Windows HPC Server 2008 • Windows Web Server 2008 (32-bit and 64-bit) • Windows Storage Server 2008 (32-bit and 64-bit) • Windows Small Business Server 2008 (64-bit only) • Windows Essential Business Server 2008 (32-bit and 64-bit) • Windows Server 2008 for Itanium-based Systems • Windows Server 2008 Foundation Server Windows 7 and Server 2008 R2 [ ].

Windows 7 Desktop Windows 7 was released to manufacturing on July 22, 2009, and reached general retail availability on October 22, 2009. It was previously known by the codenames Blackcomb and Vienna. Windows 7 has the version number NT 6.1. Since its release, Windows 7 has had one service pack.

Some features of Windows 7 are faster, Device Stage,, less obtrusive User Account Control, multi-touch, and improved window management. Features included with Windows Vista and not in Windows 7 include the sidebar (although gadgets remain) and several programs that were removed in favor of downloading their counterparts. Main article: Windows Home Server 2011 code named 'Vail' was released on April 6, 2011. Windows Home Server 2011 is built on the code base and removed the Drive Extender drive pooling technology in the original Windows Home Server release.

Windows Home Server 2011 is considered a 'major release'. Its predecessor was built on. WHS 2011 only supports hardware.

Microsoft decided to discontinue Windows Home Server 2011 on July 5, 2012 while including its features into Windows Server 2012 Essentials. Windows Home Server 2011 was supported until April 12, 2016.

Windows 8 and Server 2012 [ ]. Main articles:,,, and On October 26, 2012, Microsoft released Windows 8 to the public.

One edition,, runs on some system-on-a-chip devices with mobile. Windows 8 features a redesigned user interface, designed to make it easier for touchscreen users to use Windows. The interface introduced an updated Start menu known as the Start screen, and a new full-screen application platform. The desktop interface is also present for running windowed applications, although Windows RT will not run any desktop applications not included in the system. On the Building Windows 8 blog, it was announced that a computer running Windows 8 can boot up much faster than Windows 7. New features also include support, the, the ability to run from USB drives with, and others.

Windows 8 was given the kernel number NT 6.2, with its successor 8.1 receiving the kernel number 6.3. So far, neither has had any service packs yet, although many consider Windows 8.1 to be a service pack for Windows 8. Windows 8 is available in the following editions: • Windows 8 • Windows 8 Pro • Windows 8 Enterprise • Windows RT The first public preview of Windows Server 2012 and was also shown by Microsoft at the 2011 Microsoft Worldwide Partner Conference. Windows 8 Release Preview and Windows Server 2012 Release Candidate were both released on May 31, 2012.

Product development on Windows 8 was completed on August 1, 2012, and it was released to manufacturing the same day. Windows Server 2012 went on sale to the public on September 4, 2012. Windows 8 went on sale October 26, 2012. Windows 8.1 and Windows Server 2012 R2 were released on October 17, 2013. Windows 8.1 is available as an update in the for users only and also available to download for clean installation. The update adds new options for resizing the live tiles on the Start screen.

Windows 10 and Server 2016 [ ]. Windows 10 Fall Creators Update, with the desktop, the Start menu, and the notification center shown Windows 10, codenamed Threshold, is the current release of the Microsoft Windows operating system. Unveiled on September 30, 2014, it was released on July 29, 2015. It was distributed without charge to Windows 7 and 8.1 users for one year after release. A number of new features like, the web browser, the ability to view Windows Store apps as a window instead of fullscreen, virtual desktops, revamped core apps, Continuum, and a unified Settings app were all features debuted in Windows 10. Microsoft has announced that Windows 10 will be the last major version of its series of operating systems to be released.

Instead, Microsoft will release major updates to the operating system via download or in, similar to the way updates are delivered in. So far, three major versions have been released, and one has been announced for release in 2017: • Version 1507, the original version of Windows 10, codenamed Threshold 1 and released in July 2015. Kernel version number: 10.0.10240. • Version 1511, announced as the November Update and codenamed Threshold 2. It was released in November 2015. This update added many visual tweaks, such as more consistent context menus and the ability to change the color of window titlebars. Windows 10 can now be activated with a product key for Windows 7 and later, thus simplifying the activation process and essentially making Windows 10 free for anyone who has Windows 7 or later, even after the free upgrade period ended.

A 'Find My Device' feature was added, allowing users to track their devices if they lose them, similar to the service that Apple offers. Controversially, the Start menu now displays 'featured apps'. A few tweaks were added to Microsoft Edge, including tab previews and the ability to sync the browser with other devices running Windows 10. Kernel version number: 10.0.10586. • Version 1607, announced as the Anniversary Update and codenamed Redstone 1. It is the first of 4 planned updates with the 'Redstone' codename.

Its version number, 1607, means that it was supposed to launch in July 2016, however it was delayed until August 2016. Tons of new features were included in the version, including more integration with Cortana, a dark theme, browser extension support for Microsoft Edge, click-to-play Flash by default, tab pinning, web notifications, swipe navigation in Edge, and the ability for Windows Hello to use a fingerprint sensor to sign into apps and websites, similar to Touch ID on the. Also added was Windows Ink, which improves digital inking in many apps, and the Windows Ink Workspace which lists pen-compatible apps, as well as quick shortcuts to a sticky notes app and a sketchpad. Microsoft, through their partnership with, integrated a full bash shell via the. Notable tweaks in this version of Windows 10 include the removal of the controversial password-sharing feature of Microsoft's Wi-Fi Sense service, a slightly redesigned Start menu, Tablet Mode working more like Windows 8, overhauled, improvements to the lock screen, calendar integration in the taskbar, and the now showing a which users can scan to quickly find out what caused the error.

This version of Windows 10's kernel version is 10.0.14393. • Version 1703, announced as the Creators Update and codenamed Redstone 2. Planned features for this update include a new Paint 3D application, which allows users to create and modify 3D models, integration with Microsoft's and other 'mixed-reality' headsets produced by other manufacturers, Windows MyPeople, which allows users to manage contacts, Xbox game broadcasting, support for newly developed APIs such as WDDM 2.2, support, improvements to the Settings app, and more Edge and Cortana improvements. This version will also include tweaks to system apps, such as an address bar in the, being the default command line interface instead of the and the Windows Subsystem for Linux being upgraded to support Ubuntu 16.04. This version of Windows 10 was released on 11 April 2017 as a free update. Windows Server 2016 [ ]. Retrieved July 13, 2017.

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